4/24/2021 0 Comments Iupac Naming Pdf
Substitutive names of alcohols are developed by identifying the longest continuous chain that bears the hydroxyl group and replacing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane by the suffix -ol.The position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by number, choosing the sequence that assigns the lower locant to the carbon that bears the hydroxyl group.The OH group is assumed to be attached to C-1 of a cyclic alcohol, and is not numbered.Whether an alcohol is primary, secondary or tertiary depends on the number of hydrogens attached to the carbon atom bearing the OH group, as shown in the below figure.
These differences in structure affect the way the alcohols react. Molecules with two OH groups are known as diols and those with three OH groups as triols. Two commonly encountered vicinal diols are 1,2-ethanediol and 1,2-propanediol. This, like many other entrenched common names, is an acceptable IUPAC name. Likewise, o-, m-, and p-cresol are acceptable names for the various ring-substituted hydroxyl derivatives of toluene. More highly substituted compounds are named as deriv- atives of phenol. Numbering of the ring begins at the hydroxyl-substituted carbon and proceeds in the direction that gives the lower number to the next substituted carbon. The graphic that opened this chapter is a molecular model of phenol that shows planar structure and electro-I static potential. The three dihydroxy derivatives of benzene may be named as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4- benzenediol, respectively, but each is more familiarly known by the common name indicated in parentheses below the structures shown here. Functional class IUPAC names of ethers are derived by listing the two alkyl groups in the general structure ROR in alphabetical order as separate words, and then adding the word ether at the end. When both alkyl groups are the same, the prefix di- precedes the name of the alkyl group. Diethyl ether is a symmetrical ether; ethyl methyl ether is an unsymmetrical ether. Cyclic ethers have their oxygen as part of a ringthey are heterocyclic compounds. The IUPAC rules also permit oxirane (without substituents) to be called ethylene oxide. Tetrahydrofuran and tetrahy- dropyran are acceptable synonyms for oxolane and oxane, respectively. Iupac Naming How To Control CookiesTo find out more, including how to control cookies, see here.
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